West Seattle, Washington
29 Tuesday
(Below are our updates as the South Park Bridge closure unfolded. Processing video/photos now for separate stories later)
ORIGINAL 6:23 PM REPORT: We’re on the South Park Bridge – which will be an impossible feat in less than an hour – and it’s quite the scene, on and around the bridge.
People are streaming up and down the bridge on its sidewalks – City Councilmember Sally Clark just walked by our spot alongside the bridge-tender tower:
(Photo by Christopher Boffoli)
Across the way, there are decorations:
Right alongside the walkers, a just-as-steady stream of vehicles – some of which would pass this way anyway, some of which are clearly cruising for show (we’ve seen a few classic hot rods). Down on the brick path that a new bridge will – if all goes well – someday follow, there’s a group of tents. And in the street close to the south end of the bridge, there’s even a group of chairs, awaiting an audience for the bridge’s final “opening,” which also will be its closure. Every TV station in town is here too, of course, though they are vastly outnumbered by dozens, if not hundreds, of others with cameras large and small. Duwamish Tribe drummers are walking by, preparing for a ceremonial crossing. (Here’s Christopher Boffoli‘s photo of Duwamish Tribe chair Cecile Hansen with South Park resident Bill Owens, an organizer of tonight’s wake:)
Going the other way, toward the South Park end, Council President Richard Conlin, pushing his bicycle.
More to come; the crowd up here on the bridge continues to grow. Also here: newly nominated-to-be-permanent SPD Chief John Diaz.
6:47 PM: We’re going offline for a bit to cover these final minutes. The hooting and hollering is starting to build. Up here atop the bridge, it’s shoulder-to-shoulder, and then some.
7:33 PM: People are still thronging the bridge – some have pried off the round yellow lane markers – the final vehicles to cross, in both directions, were classic buses, both long gone, but we’re not sure yet how all the people will be cleared. See our Twitter feed for tons of photos, till the bridge is officially closed. Wait – we can hear some official-sounding calls to clear the bridge – looks like the moment is nigh.
8:04 PM: RIP South Park Bridge – after a spate of crowd resistance – the last few hundred on the bridge refused orders to move all the way down to the street, and held steady about 10 yards behind the bridge gates. So at right around 8 o’clock straight up, the sirens sounded one last time, and the bridge, decorated with pink tulle, opened one last time.
Some are still milling, and a Transit Police car is here just in case (it moved in to help convince the crowd to at least move behind the gates). After the bridge leaves finished rising, the crowd began to sing “Amazing Grace,” followed by a round of “South Park Bridge is falling down” (to the tune of London Bridge). More later. P.S. The Feedback Lounge (WSB sponsor) T-shirts were seen in force.
8:15 PM: Your editor here is the last person atop the bridge. Time to leave. Sounds of the celebration/wake are rising from the restaurants below.
9:40 PM: Until we move this into a separate story – video of the bridge’s final moments, followed by toasts, and a hymn:
Three and a half hours left till the South Park Bridge‘s permanent closure; we went down for a look, and found the barricades awaiting placement at 7 pm – also spotted (too quick for us to get a shot) people photographing the bridge, before its leaves open – and stay that way – till they are dismantled. As for how long they will sit in the upright position, we asked King County Department of Transportation, whose spokesperson Rochelle Ogershok says that right now, it looks like “late summer” before the drawbridge sections will be removed. (Demolition of the rest of the bridge is further into the future.) As noted in our preview earlier, South Park invites one and all to its wake – here’s the schedule of events. And even if you are driving in the area BEFORE 7 pm, note that some changes have taken effect – as Jim pointed out in a comment on our earlier story, “Watch your driving through the area. SDOT has already changed lane assignments as of Noon. You are going to be down one right turn lane off of E Marginal Way southbound. Also the right lane on Cloverdale is no longer a left turn lane, it is right turn only. This seems a little premature, and is bound to screw up the afternoon commute.”
(Photo courtesy King County Department of Transportation)
Less than four months’ time has gone by since South Park residents — and others who use the 14th Avenue South Bridge — started getting major, repeated, public warnings that King County would close the deteriorating old bridge permanently at 7 pm June 30th. (Here’s our report from the 1st major public meeting back on March 9th.) June 30th is here, and much has changed – while some of the fury over the closure turned to acceptance, much of the energy also has channeled into two drives: First, to make sure money would be found for a new bridge (as of last Friday, $80 million has now been committed toward the $130 million needed); second, to make sure that South Park’s businesses do not wither and die during the bridgeless time. Tonight’s “wake,” 6-10 pm, is partly meant to make a statement along the latter lines, so South Park is hoping that many will come to not only mark the end of their bridge’s life, but to see what they are like as a community, and how they plan to survive and thrive during a tougher-than-usual time. There are ceremonial events (including a final walk on the bridge) planned before 7 pm, with live art (muralists painting the bridge), live music, and restaurant specials during the evening as well (here’s the schedule).
(Photo by Dale Rowe, from April demonstration on the South Park Bridge)
If you’ve never been to South Park, one way to get there is to take Roxbury all the way east, and keep following as the road curves around and over Highway 509, then becomes Cloverdale S., the main east-west route, which ends in the business district at 14th (the bridge is a left turn/northbound from there). And/or you can mark the occasion right here in West Seattle – Feedback Lounge (WSB sponsor) is planning a South Park Bridge Wake starting at 6 (details on the FL home page, where you also can read about the bridge memorial T-shirts the Feedback’s been selling, so popular that South Park residents have made runs up here to procure more).
(County rendering of what the South Park end of the bridge will look like, right after the shutdown)
As for the practical aspects of the closure – at 7 pm, the barricades go up, and so do the bridge’s “leaves,” permanently. Demolition comes later. Three bus lines were rerouted as of 5 this morning. You can read about all that here. And on the emotional side – we wanted to share two links that have been brought to our attention: a South Park Bridge tender’s farewell, and memories from a couple who met on the bridge.
(Photo courtesy Paul Dieter – showing Langdon Cook, who writes Fat of the Land, pulling in pink salmon)
According to King County Councilmember Jan Drago‘s office, a state commission the Washington State Transportation Improvement Board has just committed another $10 million to the new South Park Bridge – meaning $80 million of the $130 million needed. 5:20 PM UPDATE: More details now in an official county news release:Read More
(Photo by, and used with permission of, Paul Gordon)
Side note to our ongoing coverage of today’s announcement adding to the funding rounded up so far for a new South Park Bridge (see the latest details here): With one week to go till the old one is closed permanently: South Park residents have been planning a “wake” for shutdown night next Wednesday, and just sent the announcement with full details of what you’ll see if you head east to be part of the event:
The South Park community has organized a wake on Wednesday, June 30th from 6-10 pm to mark the closing of the South Park Bridge, the main thoroughfare over the Duwamish River into the South Park neighborhood. Unable to secure the necessary funding for replacement, King County deemed the severely deteriorated South Park Bridge as unsafe for the 20,000 vehicles that cross it daily.
Although the principal focus of the wake is to bemoan the loss of the bridge, South Park residents, including business owners, artists and musicians are stepping up to showcase the community’s diversity. The Duwamish Tribal drummers will cross the bridge in the minutes before its closure at 7 pm. Muralists from South Park Arts will be painting the bridge, “transforming the structure from defunct infrastructure into artistic force.” (South Park Arts website, www.southparkarts.org) Bagpipers will play during the final raising of the leaves, followed by music from a New Orleans Funeral Band, a Latino Roots/Folk band, and a Blues Band. South Park restaurants, like the popular Muy Macho, will be offering food specials, and local organizations will be tabling to showcase the variety of activities and services in the neighborhood.
ORIGINAL 12:59 PM REPORT: Our partners at the Seattle Times say $20 million is the approximate amount that Governor Gregoire is getting ready to pledge to a new South Park Bridge, when she joins other local leaders, including King County Executive Dow Constantine, at the bridge at 3 pm. Other major contributions so far are $31 million from the county, $15 million from the Seattle City Council, and $5 million from the Port of Seattle – that still adds up to only a little more than half the replacement bridge’s cost. (The current, crumbling one shuts down for good one week from tonight.) We’ll report the official announcement as soon as it’s made. 2:58 PM: Confirmed, $20 million. Media event starting shortly. 4:48 PM: Added photo of KC Executive Constantine at the podium, with the regional team of bridge-funding partners behind him (plus South Park community leaders). No surprises at the media event. The state’s $20 million contribution brings the total funding now in hand to $70 million, more than half the $130 million projected cost of building a new bridge. One more number was thrown out – $337 million, an estimate of how much money will be lost in general, to the economy, local and regional, while the bridge is closed. We’ll be adding some video shortly; meanwhile, you can read the county news release in its entirety by going here. 5:44 PM: The entirety of the governor’s announcement – if you have to fast forward, check out her economic comparison toward the end:
So far, it’s $30 million from King County, $15 million pledged by the Seattle City Council, and now comes word that the Port of Seattle is chipping in $5 million toward the cost of replacing the South Park Bridge, which closes permanently one week from tomorrow. The port’s announcement notes that it’s already contributed $500,000 worth of land for the bridge’s footings. So what will the state commit? We expect to find out tomorrow afternoon, as Governor Gregoire is expected to participate in an announcement at the bridge, discussing where things stand in the quest for the $120 million-plus that’s needed for a new SP Bridge.
VIADUCT GROUNDBREAKING: The date’s set tonight for ceremonial groundbreaking on the project to replace the Alaskan Way Viaduct‘s southern mile: 2 pm Tuesday, June 29 (one week from tomorrow), at 1st Avenue South/Royal Brougham Way. This work is expected to last into late 2013. If you’ve still got questions about any or all of what’s in store for The Viaduct, the state reminds us they’ll have reps at West Seattle Summer Fest (co-sponsored by WSB) on July 9, 10, 11 in The Junction, for in-person Q/A.
SOUTH PARK BRIDGE MONEY: We reported last week that the King County Council would vote today on authority for issuing bonds to finance a $30 million contribution toward the construction of a replacement for the South Park Bridge, which will close permanently one week from Wednesday. Linda Robson from Councilmember Jan Drago‘s staff tells us the vote was unanimously in favor, 8-0; Drago herself was absent because of an out-of-state family emergency. Robson confirms that a media event is still in the works for Wednesday to discuss bridge funding – which so far includes this contribution and the $15 million Seattle City Council pledge as major components. A multi-contributor strategy is considered vital to the county’s chances of getting a federal grant; letters of intent for the grant are due in about four weeks.
(Photo by, and used with permission of, Paul Gordon)
Speaking on KUOW Radio half an hour ago, South Park Neighborhood Association president Dagmar Cronn revealed she’d just gotten word of a 3 pm Wednesday event at the South Park Bridge with news of funding for a new one and high-ranking elected officials in attendance. That day will mark exactly one week prior to its permanent shutdown. Cronn told KUOW she’d gotten word from the county, so we checked with King County Executive Dow Constantine‘s office, which confirms they’re working on a “progress report” event tentatively planned for Wednesday – though not confirming any details of what’ll be said, or who will be there. (As noted in our report on Seattle City Councilmember Sally Clark‘s appearance at the Delridge Neighborhoods District Council this past Wednesday, she said she expected news of a “double digit” state contribution soon; she was questioned about the council’s announcement this week that they would pledge $15 million. The total cost of a new bridge is estimated at more than $120 million.) 2:01 PM P.S.: County Councilmember Jan Drago‘s office points out that the proposal to raise $31 million for the bridge through bond sales is up for a full King County Council vote on Monday.
P.S. Not only is Feedback Lounge (WSB sponsor) planning a “South Park Bridge Memorial” on shutdown day, June 30th – now they’re selling T-shirts to benefit South Park’s Providence Regina House Clothing/Food Bank; the image is a little too raw to show here but click to see it on the Feedback’s home page.
(King County rendering of future replacement South Park Bridge)
The Seattle City Council says it’s ready to back words with action in expressing support for a new South Park Bridge – with the current one shutting down forever two weeks from tomorrow. They’ve just pledged $15 million. Read on for the announcement (and, added 1:49 pm – a response to our question, not addressed in news release, of “where’s the money coming from?”):Read More
(King County rendering of South Park Bridge, post-closure, leaves permanently up)
Story and photos by Jonathan Stumpf
Reporting for West Seattle Blog
If you can’t have a bridge – how about a gondola?
That was one of the ideas in circulation last night as more than 100 people gathered at the South Park Community Center to ask Mayor Mike McGinn what kind of assistance the City of Seattle will provide as they prepare for the June 30 closure of the South Park Bridge.
The two-hour meeting began with a short speech from Mayor McGinn, introducing his team assigned to assist with the neighborhood transition, and discussing key points in the finalized bridge-closure plan. The majority of the evening was an open forum for questions from residents and business owners about how to help the neighborhood cope with the closure.
“South Park is a great neighborhood and our neighborhood,” said McGinn to attendees. “We’re prepared to do our fair share.”
The questions posed to Mayor McGinn, and later councilmember Sally Clark — the lone representative from the City Council — were from a frustrated community disappointed with how their government had failed them, but seeming accepting of their fate, and willing to move forward to work toward a solution to save the neighborhood.
Busiest night this week, and here are some of the reasons why:
WATER TAXI TOWN HALL: The passenger ferry between West Seattle and downtown has made news for a long list of reasons these past few months. If you’ve got questions, concerns, ideas, about any of them, or anything that hasn’t come up but is on your mind, this is your chance to bring it directly to the people responsible for the service. King County Councilmember Jan Drago, who chairs the Ferry District board, hosts a Town Hall at Alki Community Center, 7 pm. (Earlier in the day, the Ferry District executive committee meets this afternoon to discuss the new cash-handling policies promised in the wake of the theft arrest announced last week.)
4TH PLANNING MEETING FOR THE TRIANGLE: The city-convened advisory group meets for the 4th time tonight – and the scheduled discussion centers on what may be the hottest topic yet: Land use. Some of the businesses that have thrived in the area over the decades have expressed concern that they will be squeezed out. Will Triangle zoning change, and should it? These meetings include a public-comment period, so you’re invited to be part of the discussion, 6 pm at the Senior Center of West Seattle.
34TH DISTRICT DEMOCRATS: This year’s elections are nearing, with the August primary now two months away (check here and here to see who’s filed so far), and that means even more than usual for our area’s biggest political group to discuss. But center stage on tonight’s scheduled agenda are city leaders including Mayor Mike McGinn and Council President Richard Conlin, plus a legislative update from Rep. Eileen Cody (the lone 34th District legislator running for re-election to her current job). 7 pm, The Hall at Fauntleroy.
SOUTH PARK BUSINESS SURVIVAL: The mayor is also expected at this pivotal meeting for the future of the businesses whose customer access will be dramatically affected when the county closes the South Park Bridge permanently on June 30th. This meeting’s at 6:30 at the South Park Community Center (we have a message out to the mayor’s office to ask what time he’s subsequently due in West Seattle).
WEST SEATTLE SNOWSPORTS COUNCIL: As previewed here last night, this group – still in the planning process – has its second meeting at 6 pm at Mountain to Sound Outfitters in The Triangle, 3602 SW Alaska.
Lots more on the list – see the WSB West Seattle Events calendar for more (and if we’re missing something, please let us know!)
Jeff Gilbert of the Feedback Lounge (WSB sponsor) is a longtime humorist as well as rock ‘n’ roller, entrepreneur, etc., and mashed that scenario up in honor of the all-day wake he’s holding for the South Park Bridge starting at 6 pm June 30, an hour before it closes forever, with no concrete commitments yet for full funding of a new bridge. (At the Feedback that night, they’ll supply the materials, you help build the symbolic replacement!) The people of South Park are still hashing out their plans for C-Day – the South Park Yahoo! group has been abuzz with ideas. And for the businesses of South Park, who suddenly will no longer have people walking, riding and driving across the bridge to dine and shop, they’ve got a big brainstorming session ahead this Wednesday – city reps from departments including the Office of Economic Development will be at the SP Community Center on 8th South at 6:30 pm (here’s a flyer in English/Spanish/Vietnamese). MONDAY NIGHT UPDATE: SDOT has announced sharrow-painting ahead in South Park – read on:Read More
2:52 PM ORIGINAL REPORT: From the state Department of Ecology, word of an oil spill in the Duwamish River:
The Washington Department of Ecology and U.S. Coast Guard are investigating the source of an oil spill on the Duwamish River about one half mile north of the South Park Bridge.
A sheen and diesel odor were reported to Ecology at 8:30 a.m. today and spill responders found an unknown amount of recoverable diesel oil in an inlet on private property at 7400 Eighth Ave. S. next to Boeing property.
A cleanup contractor called by Ecology and the Coast Guard has arrived at the scene and will begin work on recovering the diesel oil this afternoon. Further information will be released when it becomes available.
Here’s a map of the location, which is roughly across the river from the south end of West Marginal Way.
4:12 PM UPDATE: New information from Dan Partridge of Ecology:
There is no cleanup contractor working on site. A contractor hired by the Coast Guard arrived earlier and was about to begin work when the tide shifted. The diesel spill that was thought to be recoverable no longer was recoverable with the shifting of the tide so the contractor has left the site. There’s 100-by-3 foot sheen visible on the water but it’s expected to dissipate with the shifting of the tide. We still have not determined the source of the spill but Ecology will continue to investigate.
5:36 PM: Ecology estimates the spill at no more than 25 gallons. We went looking for, but didn’t find, any publicly visible sign of it.
(County rendering of what the South Park end of the SP Bridge will look like, right after 6/30 shutdown)
By Tracy Record
West Seattle Blog editor
“This is challenging.”
That declaration repeated a few times Tuesday night by King County Transportation Director Harold Taniguchi summed up not only the logistics of closing the South Park Bridge forever and getting people around after the June 30th closure, but also the logistics of trying to round up money to replace it.
He spoke at the Machinists’ Union Hall in South Park, during the final public meeting on the official closure plan, now considered final – what’s happening before, during and after the closure of the deteriorating bridge, scheduled for 7 pm June 30th.
For the first time in the most recent series of public meetings about the impending bridge closure, elected officials appeared and spoke – first King County Executive Dow Constantine, who represented this area as a county councilmember before moving up to the top job last year, second State Sen. Joe McDermott, who doesn’t represent South Park in the Legislature, but is seeking to represent the area as its next county councilmember. Here’s our video of Constantine’s entire 8-minute speech:
And Sen. McDermott, whose remarks were much shorter, but drew a pointed challenge fairly quickly:
Aside from Constantine’s extensive recap of how we got to this point – past funding attempts, the defeat of the bridge-money-containing Roads and Transit ballot measure, etc. – their appearances, and much of the first two-thirds of the meeting, looked to the future: Will there really be money at some point for a new South Park Bridge (which is at least 3 years away, even if money were found today, those on hand were warned repeatedly)?Read More
(Photo courtesy King County Department of Transportation)
Midway between two major community meetings on the South Park Bridge closure plan, a smaller “inter-agency” group is just wrapping up a meeting this morning. Some new information has emerged, inspired, those on hand say, by feedback they’ve received at previous meetings as well as via e-mail and other channels. That information includes changes to planned bus reroutes, as well as one major new element for the road that will become a dead end of sorts when the bridge closes at 7 pm June 30 – read on:Read More
Five neighborhood-council meetings of note make this “Neighborhood Night” – 6:30 pm at Ginomai (42nd/Genesee), Junction Neighborhood Organization starts the night, with an agenda including a Junction crime update from SPD; 6:30 pm is also when North Delridge Neighborhood Council has its regular monthly meeting, at Youngstown Cultural Arts Center. Then at 7 pm, three meetings of note – Admiral Neighborhood Association @ Admiral Congregational Church, the Fauntleroy Community Association @ Fauntleroy Schoolhouse, and South Park Neighborhood Association @ SPARC Building (10th/Southern), with City Councilmember Sally Bagshaw expected. Also, a midday highlight: The Senior Center of West Seattle hosts a Salute to Veterans luncheon at 11:45, free to all veterans, $5 suggested donation for all others, call ahead for reservations: 206-932-4044.
(Photo courtesy King County Department of Transportation)
As reported in previous coverage of the King County plan to close the South Park Bridge on June 30th, they’ve been awaiting one last consultant analysis to confirm their assessment that the bridge is too unsafe to keep open. This afternoon, that report is complete, and the county says it indeed underscores their decision. According to a news release from the county (read it here), the bridge “is in such poor condition it can no longer be safely used by the public.” The county also has posted the full report – you can see it here. Still no funding to replace the bridge, but logistical planning for its closure continues, with two meetings ahead May 11 and 25, as noted in our coverage of last week’s meeting about the “draft closure plan.”
(Photo by Briana Watts)
By Tracy Record
West Seattle Blog editor
“This really, really, really sucks.”
South Park resident Lora Suggs summed up in five words the prevailing mood at tonight’s South Park Bridge draft-closure-plan meeting.
The meeting was supposed to be about explaining the newly released draft plan for helping people get around and helping businesses stay afloat once the deteriorating bridge closes June 30.
But when public-comment time kicked in, it was more like venting – both at the mike and from the audience, demonstrating the community’s indignation that the situation has even come to this.
One woman said she had bought her home in Boulevard Park in 1978, at which time, “I was told the South Park Bridge needed to be retrofitted and replaced. My (child) was 5. He’s 37 now. Why are we sitting here today and why wasn’t this taken care of sooner?”
King County Department of Transportation Director Harold Taniguchi had no easy answer. Besieged repeatedly by audience calls of “how did this happen? why did this happen,” he finally had to say, “We are at where we are at. If we had 32 years to put a funding plan together – we didn’t do it.”
Some community culpability was acknowledged in the middle of a fiery 5-minute speech by Christina Gallegos. Listen to it – as she addresses almost every topic that came up tonight, with clarity as well as fury.
Taniguchi’s response, plus highlights of the draft closure plan – including West Seattle effects – and the search for money for a new bridge, after the jump:Read More
(Seattle Fire Department TwitPic photo, added 10:01 am; thanks to David for the link)
ORIGINAL 9:32 AM REPORT: In case you heard this from eastern West Seattle, or a workplace along the Duwamish: Fire crews are still on the scene at a South Park business where something exploded within the past hour. KIRO TV links aerial photos from its online story and identifies the business as Independent Metals; SFD spokesperson Helen Fitzpatrick tells our partners at the Seattle Times as well as KING5 (their report here) that everyone’s accounted for. While the 911 log shows a massive response, scanner traffic indicates some of the units have been canceled. There’s no official word yet on injuries, though the scanner mentioned at least two patients, one of which was being handled with a private ambulance, which indicates non-life-threatening injuries. According to its website, Independent Metals is a scrap-metal recycling company that’s been in business more than a quarter-century.
10:01 AM: SFD has just posted online that indeed, there were two people hurt, “minor injuries.” The explosion is blamed on a propane tank going into a metal shredder. We’re adding an SFD photo of some of the damage on the building’s exterior.
Spotlight stories from partner site White Center Now:
****Video coverage of this afternoon’s South Park Bridge closure protest (Photo above added Sunday, courtesy Dale Rowe)
****Update on reopening-soon Evergreen Pool (now Evergreen Community Aquatic Center)
****Tonight in White Center, it’s Third Saturday Art Walk, 6-9 pm
Just announced: Plans for “Hands Across the Duwamish” tomorrow. People concerned about the upcoming permanent closure of the South Park Bridge hope to form a human chain across the bridge (on the sidewalk, NOT blocking traffic) to raise awareness about the scheduled June 30th closure. Organizers say they’ll need 332 people to span the entire length of the bridge. They’re timing it to start at 1:30 pm, as the Duwamish Alive! work parties are wrapping up. Meantime, as reported yesterday at partner site White Center Now, King County has scheduled two community meetings to talk about logistics of the closure – 6 pm April 27 and 6 pm May 25, both at the International Association of Machinists Local 751 Hall in South Park (map). March 2009 photo courtesy Dale Brayden
Four weeks ago, we covered two community meetings about the impending South Park Bridge closure. During both, local business owners hoped their stories could be told, before the bridge closure endangered their enterprises’ survival. We assigned this story to a student journalist in hopes of continuing to tell those stories.
Story and photos by Briana Watts
University of Washington News Lab
Reporting for West Seattle Blog
“No Cierren El Puente” signs fill the windows of restaurants and businesses along 14th Avenue South. They sit along the street corners and occupy reader boards. The signs read “Do not close the bridge” because the revenue of these family-owned businesses is dependent on the traffic that moves across the South Park Bridge, slated to be closed June 30.
“There’s no way we can survive this,” says Gurdev Singh, co-owner of the South Park 76 gas station and the connected Subway shop on 14th Avenue South.
With the South Park community on one side of the Duwamish River and Boeing Field on the other, the SP Bridge is one of two connectors. Diverting traffic to the other, the First Avenue Bridge, could add 20 minutes to the commutes of South Park Bridge users, which include West Seattle and White Center residents.
“The First Avenue Bridge will be a parking lot,” predicted Bill Owens, owner of Seattle Canine Outfitters.
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