First, let's be clear about how the various classification levels are defined. The classification is performed by an end-of-sentence review committee working under the Secretary of the Department of Corrections. Using a proprietary methodology, the committee determines the classification levels of a sex (and kidnapping) offenders. The levels are described as follows:
Level 1: These offenders present the lowest possible risk to the community and their likelihood to re-offend is considered minimal. They normally have not exhibited predatory type characteristics and most have successfully participated or are participating in approved treatment programs. Many are first time offenders.
Level II: These offenders present a moderate risk to the community and they have a higher likelihood of re-offending than the Level 1 offenders. They are considered a higher risk to re-offend, because of the nature of their previous crime(s) and lifestyle (drug and alcohol abuse and other criminal activity). Some have refused to participate or failed to complete approved treatment programs.
Level III: These offenders pose a potential high risk to the community and are a threat to re-offend if provided the opportunity. Most have prior sex crime convictions as well as other criminal convictions. Their lifestyles and choices place them in this classification. Some have predatory characteristics and may seek out victims. They may have refused or failed to complete approved treatment programs.
Based on this classification, and another classification system that looks at notification issues, local sheriffs' offices determine what kind of notice to provide to the community about sex offenders. Some county sheriffs distribute flyers in the neighborhood when a Level 3 offender moves in; other counties, like King, rely mostly on a public website that allows you to see whether offenders are living in your area.
Several years ago, the Washington State Legislature directed the non-partisan Washington State Institute for Public Policy to analyze the effectiveness of the classification and notification system. In a series of reports, the institute described its findings that the end-of-sentence review and classification process has little or no accuracy in predicting whether sex offenders will commit new offenses after being released. (All of the Institutes reports are on their webpage, http://www.wsipp.wa.gov).
I can understand why people want to have this kind of information available to help keep their families safe. It's worth bearing in mind, however, that the classification system is highly unreliable. As others already mentioned, the actual rate of recidivism among sex offenders is very low. Your family members are far more likely to get injured or killed in a car accident than to be the victim of a sex offense.
Second, I want to address the notion, expressed by kennem, that we theoretically keep people in jail if they are a threat to society. I don't think that's what we do at all, theoretically or otherwise. In this state, as in the federal system and most other states, we have adopted a determinate sentencing system. That means most sentences are predetermined, based on the nature of the crime and the offender's criminal history. Judges have very little discretion to impose a longer sentence because a person appears to be a threat to society. And when the sentence has been served, the offender is released (subject to a term of supervision) regardless of whether he or she seems like to commit new crimes.
There are a couple of important exceptions. One is that we have a three-strikes law, which ensures that a person who commits three violent felonies will serve a life sentence, without the possibility of parole, on the third conviction. Another is a two-strike law for sex offenses: for some sex offenses, the second conviction gets the offender a life term. Finally, we have a sexual predator commitment law that allows prosecutors to seek indefinite detention of some sex offenders when they get to the end of their criminal sentences.
Washington imposes long sentences on people who commit violent crimes and sex crimes. I'm not aware of any analysis of our state's criminal justice system that would suggest we are too lenient.